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This morning I ran a workshop overviewing UML 2. My approach is pretty straightforward. First I'll overview the thirteen modeling techniques, I actually have detailed descriptions posted at http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/umlDiagrams.htm, and then the tutorial participants are going to be asked to discuss (in smaller groups) three fundamental questions:
1. What's actually useful in UML 2.
2. What's still missing?
3. How do you effectively model in the real world?
I'll then wrap up with a quick discussion of Agile Model Driven Development (AMDD), see www.agilemodeling.com/essays/amdd.htm .
My hope is that the workshop will prove to be interesting, and hope to see you there. This evening I'll post to this blog the results of the group discussions.
We have a very interesting discussion when it came to the question of what's useful in UML 2. Some points made by the audience included:
- It's important to do some modeling initially on a project to get a strategy in place ( see http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/amdd.htm )
- You don't want to do too much documentation early in a project because it will only get out of date and be eventually discarded (my advice, create models which are just barely good enough, http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/barelyGoodEnough.html )
- Write the documents that you need towards the end of the project, once things have settled down
- Don't document details which are in the code, e.g. decouple your docs from the implementation
- Documents which aren't up to date harm following projects because they mislead the teams, although the teams don't trust the docs and use them very little anyway
- Whiteboards are very good modeling tools (almost everyone in the audience used them, far fewer used software-based modeling tools)
- Some diagrams, such as use case diagrams and use cases, are for communication with stakeholders whereas technical diagrams (e.g. sequence & class diagrams) are most useful for internal use within the team
- Use of diagrams depends on your project, different teams did different things, once size does not fit all
- UML has become progressively less useful to practitioners over the years
- You need to work closely with your stakeholders (see http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/activeStakeholderParticipation.htm )
When it came to discussing what was missing from the UML, the following points were made:
- Database modeling would be useful (see http://www.agiledata.org/essays/umlDataModelingProfile.html for one approach)
- User interface navigation modeling would also be useful
- Security requirements and business rules should be captured in requirements docs (as text)
- How do you model security access control on UML diagrams?
- How do you model aspects?
- User interface prototypes are very useful, and navigation maps are sometimes needed to overview them
- We need more visual stereotypes (we discussed the fact that few people do UML deployment diagrams, see http://www.agilemodeling.com/artifacts/deploymentDiagram.htm , but instead create network diagrams such as http://www.agilemodeling.com/artifacts/networkDiagram.htm ). Points to a need for a UML usability assessment IMHO ;-)
- How do you model transaction contexts?
- Workflow modeling is important, UML activity diagrams ( http://www.agilemodeling.com/artifacts/activityDiagram.htm ) are a good start but the notation is still a bit clunky
When it came to the modeling process, we discussed Agile Modeling (www.agilemodeling.com) concepts a fair bit. Some interesting points included:
- Understanding and applying patterns is easier with diagrams.
- You don't need to model the details of a pattern, just indicate the need to use it via a stereotype or note then assume that the coders (maybe you) will apply the pattern appropriately (e.g. if you Model with a Purpose and know who your audience is for a model and what their actual needs are then you won't need to over model).
- You want to use the best modeling tool for the job. Often that's a whiteboard but sometimes it's a more complicated tool that (re)generates code. (e.g. http://www.agilemodeling.com/essays/simpleTools.htm )
- It's easier to refactor patterns using diagrams and tools which support pattern application.
- Most models are discarded after use, e.g. you erase the sketch once you're done with it.
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